Understanding the Different Types of Birth Control
Choosing the right birth control can feel overwhelming with so many options available today. The good news? There are many safe and effective ways to prevent pregnancy, and each type of birth control offers its own benefits. Whether you’re looking for something long-term, hormone-free or easy to use, there’s a method that can fit your lifestyle.
In this article, we’ll walk through the most common types of birth control, starting with one that doesn’t use any hormones: Paragard.
1. Paragard (Copper IUD)
Paragard is a hormone-free intrauterine device (IUD) made of copper. It’s a small, T-shaped device that a doctor inserts into your uterus. The copper acts as a natural sperm repellent, stopping sperm from reaching and fertilizing an egg.
- Lasts up to ten years.
- Best for people who want long-lasting, hormone-free birth control.
- It can also be used as emergency contraception if inserted within five days of unprotected sex.
While highly effective, Paragard can cause heavier periods or more cramping, especially in the first few months. Still, it’s a popular choice for those avoiding hormonal methods.
2. Hormonal IUDs
Hormonal IUDs are similar to Paragard in shape and placement, but they release a small amount of progestin hormone to prevent pregnancy. This hormone thickens cervical mucus, thins the uterine lining and may stop ovulation.
- Lasts between three to eight years, depending on the brand.
- Best for those who want lighter periods or reduced menstrual cramps.
- Brands include Mirena, Kyleena, Liletta and Skyla
Many users experience lighter or even no periods, making hormonal IUDs popular among those with heavy or painful menstrual cycles.
3. Implant (Nexplanon)
The implant is a tiny rod placed under the skin of your upper arm. It slowly releases progestin to prevent pregnancy.
- Lasts up to three years.
- Best for people who want a long-term option they don’t have to think about daily or monthly.
- Effectiveness is over 99%.
Some people may experience irregular bleeding, but the convenience and effectiveness make it one of the most low-maintenance types of birth control available.
4. Birth Control Shot (Depo-Provera)
The shot is an injection of progestin that you get from your doctor every three months.
- Best for those who prefer not to take a pill or use an implant.
- Effectiveness is about 94% with typical use.
Some people experience changes in their period, weight gain or mood swings. If you’re consistent with appointments, it can be a very effective method.
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5. Birth Control Pill
The pill is a daily medication that contains hormones (either a combination of estrogen and progestin, or just progestin).
- Best for people who can stick to a daily routine.
- Effectiveness is around 91% with typical use.
- It can also help with acne, cramps and regular periods.
It's one of the most common types of birth control, but missing pills can reduce its effectiveness. Set reminders or use an app to help you stay on track.
6. Birth Control Patch
The patch is worn on the skin (like your back, belly or arm) and changed weekly. It releases estrogen and progestin through the skin.
- Best for people who prefer not to take a daily pill.
- Effectiveness is around 91% with typical use.
It's easy to use and provides steady hormone levels, but some users may notice skin irritation or breast tenderness.
7. Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing, Annovera)
The ring is a flexible plastic ring inserted into the vagina that releases estrogen and progestin.
- NuvaRing needs to be changed monthly.
- With Annovera, one ring used for a full year (with breaks each month).
- Effectiveness is about 91% with typical use.
Many find the ring convenient, but it may take a little practice to get used to inserting and removing it.
8. Condoms (Male and Female)
Condoms are barrier methods that prevent sperm from entering the uterus. They’re the only birth control that also protects against STDs.
Effectiveness is roughly 85% for male condoms, and 79% for female condoms. They’re inexpensive, easy to use and available without a prescription.
9. Diaphragm and Cervical Cap
These are barrier methods that cover the cervix and are used with spermicide.
- Best for people looking for non-hormonal, on-demand birth control.
- Effectiveness is roughly bout 71–88%, depending on correct use.
They require fitting by a healthcare provider and should be used every time you have sex.
10. Fertility Awareness Methods (FAMs)
These methods involve tracking your menstrual cycle and avoiding sex or using protection on fertile days. They're ideal for people with regular cycles who are committed to always tracking them.
Effectiveness is low, around 76–88%. It takes time to learn, but it’s a hormone-free, natural method some people prefer.
11. Permanent Methods (Sterilization)
This includes tubal ligation for women and vasectomy for men. These methods are surgical and meant to be permanent. They're best for people who are certain they don't want more (or any) children. Sterilization is over 99% effective.
It’s important to be sure about your decision, as reversal is not guaranteed.
Final Thoughts
When it comes to the types of birth control, there’s no one-size-fits-all. The right choice depends on your health, lifestyle and personal preferences. Whether you want something long-term like Paragard, short-term like the pill or non-hormonal like condoms, talking to a healthcare provider can help you find the best method for you.
Birth control isn’t just about preventing pregnancy; it’s also about giving you control over your body and your future.